Lakshadweep: A Coral Paradise in the Arabian Sea

Lakshadweep is a union territory of India, consisting of 36 islands scattered over an area of 78,000 square km in the Arabian Sea.

The name Lakshadweep means “one lakh islands” in Malayalam and Sanskrit, though only 10 of them are inhabited by humans.

The islands are known for their pristine beaches, rich marine life, and diverse culture. In this article, we will explore the history, geography, culture, and tourism of Lakshadweep.

History of Lakshadweep

Ancient Origins and Influences

• Buddhist Connections: Buddhist Jataka stories suggest Buddha’s visit in the sixth century BCE.
• Mentioned by Greek geographer Ptolemy in the second century CE as the Laccadive Islands.

Cultural and Religious Evolution

• Diverse Influences: Impact of various cultures and religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Christianity.
• Arrival of the first Muslim settlers in the seventh century, leading to Islam becoming the dominant religion by the 14th century.

Dynastic Rulers and External Encounters

• Local Dynasties: Rule by dynasties like Cheras, Cholas, Kolathiris, and Arakkals marked by conflicts among themselves and with the Portuguese, who arrived in the 16th century.
• Colonial Rule: Control shifted to Tipu Sultan of Mysore in the 18th century after the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1799.
• Subsequent administration by the British as part of the Madras Presidency until 1956.

British Annexation and Union Territory Status

• Colonial Transition: The islands were ceded to the British after Tipu Sultan’s defeat.
• Administered as part of the Madras Presidency until reorganized as a union territory of India in 1956.

Geography of Lakshadweep

The islands have a tropical climate, with hot and humid weather throughout the year. The average temperature ranges from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius, and the average rainfall is about 1600 mm per year.

The islands are prone to cyclones and storms, especially during the monsoon season from June to November.

Governance Structure in Lakshadweep

Union Territory Framework

• Administrative Model: Lakshadweep operates as a union territory, directly managed by the central government of India.

Administrative Framework

Key Officials

• Administrator Role: Appointed by the President of India, serves as the representative of the central government’s interests.
• District Division: Divided into districts for administrative purposes and efficient governance.

Local Governance Setup

• Panchayati Raj System: Village-level panchayats manage and oversee local affairs.

Representation in Legislation

Parliamentary Representation

• Lok Sabha Seat: Holds one seat in the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
• Rajya Sabha Absence: No representation in the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

Centralized Administrative Control

Central Oversight

• Central Authority: Central government exercises substantial administrative control and sets major policies.

Legal Framework Adherence

• Application of Laws: Lakshadweep adheres to central laws and regulations governing the union territory.

Development and Welfare Execution

• Initiative Implementation: Execution of central government developmental initiatives and welfare programs.

Unique Governance Dynamics

Geographical Challenges

• Geographic Complexity: Governance faces complexities due to the dispersed and isolated nature of the islands.

Biodiversity: Flora and Fauna of Lakshadweep

The flora of the islands include banana, vazha, colocassia, chambu, drumstick, breadfruit, wild almond, and coconut, which are grown extensively. Some of the shrub jungles plant like kanni, punna, chavok, and cheerani are unevenly grown throughout the island.

Coconut is the only commercial crop of economic importance in Lakshadweep. These are found in different varieties such as Laccadive micro, Laccadive ordinary, green dwarf, etc. Two different varieties of sea grass are seen adjacent to the beaches.

They are known as thalassia hemprichin and cymodocea isoetifolia. They prevent sea erosion and movement of the beach sediments.

Culture of Lakshadweep

Influence and Diversity

• Influenced by various ethnic groups and religions over centuries.
• Majority population follows the Shafi school of Sunni Islam.
• Languages spoken: Malayalam, Jeseri, Mahl, and English.
• Vibrant oral tradition: folk songs, dances, and stories reflecting history and lifestyle.

Cuisine

• Based on coconut, fish, rice, and spices.
• Popular dishes: thoran (dry vegetable dish), kalan (yogurt-based curry), biryani, bonda (fried gram flour snack).
• Production of coconut oil, copra, coir, and fish products.

Festivals and Celebrations

• Celebrations throughout the year: Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Milad-un-Nabi, Bakrid, Muharram, and Ramzan.
• Cultural programs, sports competitions, and boat races attract tourists and locals.

Since the last 9 years we have worked to enhance Lakshadweep's progress and our resolve only got stronger! pic.twitter.com/hn0otKPuxC

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) January 4, 2024

Traditional Dances

• Parichakali: Men’s dance using wooden swords and shields, reenacting tales of battles.
• Kolkali: Men’s dance in pairs using sticks, moving rhythmically to accompanying songs.
• Lava: Most popular dance in Minicoy, involving rhythmic movements and hand clapping.
• Oppana: Women’s dance during marriages, led by a singer and accompanied by a group of women.
• Others: Dandi, bandiya, fuli, attam, ulakkamuttu, etc., are other dance forms.

Marriage Cultures of Lakshadweep

• Islamic Influence: Majority population adheres to the Shafi school of Sunni Islam.
• Marriages follow Islamic rites and customs.
• Marriage Process: Arranged marriages with parental or elder involvement.
• Groom’s side initiates proposal, fixing date and venue if accepted.

Marriage Ceremony

• Nikah: Official marriage contract performed by a religious authority, with bride and groom declaring consent and groom paying dowry.
• Walima: Reception feast hosted by groom’s side, involving a lavish spread of food and drinks.
• Wedding Celebration:
• Inclusion of Oppana, a dance form performed by women during marriage celebrations, adorning the bride with flowers and jewelry.

Tourism in Lakshadweep

Attractions in Lakshadweep

• Scenic Beauty: Serene beaches, crystal clear waters, and vibrant coral reefs.
• Water Sports: Scuba diving, snorkeling, kayaking, sailing, fishing, and surfing opportunities abound.
• Historical and Religious Sites: Ujra Mosque, Juma Mosque, the Lighthouse, and the Buddhist Archaeological Museum showcase the islands’ history and religious heritage.

For those who wish to embrace the adventurer in them, Lakshadweep has to be on your list.

During my stay, I also tried snorkelling – what an exhilarating experience it was! pic.twitter.com/rikUTGlFN7

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) January 4, 2024

Accommodation Options

• Resorts and Hotels: Varied options catering to different budgets and preferences. Well-known options include Bangaram Island Resort, Agatti Island Beach Resort, Kadmat Island Beach Resort, and Minicoy Island Beach Resort.
• Accessibility: Access via luxurious cruise ships offering a comfortable exploration of the archipelago.

Regulation and Tour Packages

• Tourism Department Oversight: Lakshadweep Tourism Department ensures sustainable and eco-friendly tourism practices.
• Tour Packages: Lakshadweep Samudram, Swaying Palm, Marine Wealth Awareness Programme, and Taratashi offer comprehensive packages covering accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, and activities.
• Cultural Showcases: Organized events such as cultural programs, sports competitions, and boat races highlight local culture and heritage.

Economic and Social Impact

• Contributions: Significant contributions to economic development and social welfare. Employment opportunities, income generation, infrastructure development, and environmental conservation efforts.
• Preservation Efforts: Plays a role in preserving and promoting Lakshadweep’s unique identity and diverse culture.

Appeal and Experience

• Nature and Culture Harmony: Unique blend offering a harmonious coexistence of nature and cultural richness.
• Visitor Experience: Appeals to nature lovers, adventure seekers, and culture enthusiasts.
• Hidden Gem: Offers a unique and charming experience, showcasing India’s hidden treasures.